Andenaes, J. 1974. "General Prevention - Illusion or Reality?" (electronic reserves) from Punishment and Deterrence.
Andenaes really breaks down and categorizes prevention methods employed by the law to keep citizens from breaking the law. Andenaes states that the actual effects of punishment are marginalising and "demoralising" for the punished, which I wholeheartedly agree with. But to criticize we must first understand. Prevention is broken down into two main categories, general and specific. Each category has the goal of deterrence, moralizing behavior, and habitualizing law abiding behavior. Individual or specific punishment is directed towards the punished and general prevention is meant to deter others from committing deviant acts.
Andenaes goes on to categorize crime and assigns the best method of punishment for the crime category that produces the best deterrent effect. The six categories for crime that we are given are police offenses, economic, property, moral, murder, and treason, all of which require a relationship between general and individual prevention. The ultimate goal of the prevention method is to eliminate the crime, to stop deviants from committing crimes. Somehow its just not working?
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